KEY THEORIES
CURRAN AND SEATON
STUART HALL
HENRY JENKINS
CLAY SHIRKY
THE BBC
FUNDED BY - A license fee FUNDED BY THE PEOPLE
BBC has REBRANDED itself as BBC Sounds - Due to the advance of technology
Therefore it needs to respond to a wide audience
THE BBC HAS OFFERED LESS DIVERSFITICATION AS THE YEARS GO ON
there is a lot of podcasts and choice. But there is a lot of repetition within itself
The BBC is an institution and a PBS (Public Broadcasting Service)
BBC SOUNDS
John Peele started off as an illegal DJ broadcasting from a boat, then got hired by BBC, didn't care what he played
EXAMPLES OF BBC SOUNDS
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| No country for Young Women PODCAST |
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| Fire in the Booth Charlie Sloth On Youtube too BBC RADIO 1 - Aiming at a younger male and female audience MASS MARKET
BBC SOUNDS MEETING AUDIENCES NEEDS
White background, visually appealing, tells you how far through the live shows are.
Thumbnails. Categories
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BBC1 - Young Audience
BBC2 - Slightly older audience
BBC3 - Working Class Teenagers
BBC4 - Older than BBC2
LATE NIGHT WOMEN'S HOUR
Quite different from normal BBC stuff
PRODUCED BY : BBC
DISTRIBUTED : ON BBC WEBSITETARGET AUDIENCE : Middle aged, middle classed Women
AIRED ON FRIDAY AT 11 PM : Targets a Niche Audience
IT'S A PODCAST
BROADCAST ONCE A MONTH ON RADIO 4
BEGAN IN 2015
A MAGAZINE SHOW
Takes the form of a ROUND TABLE discussion
Very professional - egalitarian
CONTEXT
A spin off from a radio show called "Woman's hour" - BBC Radio 4 daily magazine programme.
Presented by Lauren Laverne and features a number of female panellists
Each episode focuses on a particular theme relevant to its female audience
Not much regulation - as there is not much that needs to be regulated
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
WOMANS HOUR 1946 -
Originally broadcasted ( on Radio 1 ) in 1946 (end of WW2) at 2pm to fit in time with woman's chores and to educate female audiences.
Started to encourage women getting into daily routine again.
Topics aimed at women and mothers
Moved to Radio 4 - less popular in 1970s
Show was labelled misogynistic and criticised as being too middle class
How does LNWH meet the needs of its audience?
Sophisticated lexis - e.g. "Democratisation" Gentle Snobbery which runs through this show - " I knew my marriage was over when i bought an Ikea wardrobe"
Mode of address is very middle class - it's middle class people talking to middle class audience - " Winter Mug", "only have 20 books" - everybody agrees and shocked
Privileged life - "Living in my brother's attic after being evicted" Many people are evicted from their houses in the UK and find it difficult. It's not "an adventure" or "cozy", it's an issue. But this is a very middle class view of an issue.
Glossy over issues e.g. "WW2"
What regulatory issues arise from this particular episode?
There's none. The show is regulated by OFCOM
Why does the BBC broadcast this show?
"To inform, to educate and to entertain"
The BBC has to put on these shows to appeal to a variety of audiences
A media product needs to have authenticity and appeal to its Target Audience
LATE NIGHT WOMANS HOUR - paints a utopian world
SEXISM IN LNWH
in this show - full female panel - it's a show about cooking and house keeping. Draws a binary between men and women, talking about emotional women and working men
CRITISCIMS
nothing challenging about this show
Extreme middle class focus - e.g main topic hygg
Biassed viewpoint
Sexist - All female panel
Not relatable to a majority audience
The way they talk about food ( and essential ) and being evicted- they consider this an adventure - a lot of assumptions about the lifestyle of the audience
"exoticism" - having a Danish guest on the show - something new and exotic for the audience to listen to
PREFERRED READING - identifying with the show
OPPOSITIONAL - This is over privileged
THE BBC HAS A REMITT TO PRESENT A DIVERSE RANGE OF MEDIA OUTPUT - something they must do, a legal obligation in which they have to put out loads of different shows that target a variety of audiences.
THEREFORE THE BBC BROADCASTS LNWH BECAUSE THEY HAVE TO
GREAT BRITISH BAKE OFF - SOLD BY THE BBC TO CHANNEL 4
THE BBC IS AN INSITUTUION AND HAS A CERTAIN CULTURAL CAPITIAL
HOW HAS DIGITIAL PLATFORMS CHANGED THE WAY IN WHICH THE WAY WE CONSUME RADIO?
- BBC SOUNDS - ONLINE
- PODCASTS - Allows the audience to skip to the bits they want to hear.
- Don't need to listen to radio live anymore - you can watch stuff when you want to watch it
- YOU DON'T ACTUALLY NEED A RADIO TO LISTEN TO RADIO - LISTEN ON LAPTOPS PHONES ECT
- Phone can be used anywhere
- Can sometimes watch the presenters - visual element, can make it easier to listen to. Can make the presenters more likeable through the direct address
- Apps - available on phones. Apps offer a better user experience for the user.
- Digital radio - cars (DAB), Don't need to be near by a radio tower, usually better reception
- FM and AM - radio still available - used more by older people
- You can download podcasts on your phone
- Thumbnails - looks more appealing to the audience - visual
DIGITAL CONVERGENCE
The coming together of previously separate industries, for example film, television, music etc. The widespread use of digital
technology means we often access many different media on the same device.
DISTRIBUTION
Audio streaming - everybody has access to media. INSTANT AND WATCH WHENEVER.
Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) - greater number of wavelengths and therefore stations are available with digital audio
The use of DAB has increased the amount of stations allow for a niche programming and improved quality.
PODCASTS programmes are packaged and available as downloadable content on a range of different platforms, more flexible
CROSS-PLATFORM The combination of visuals with audio output and availability of radio through television platforms
Thew combination of media platforms has allowed radio to utilise visual elements such as webcams to remain appealing to a modern audience
LATE NIGHT WOMAN'S HOUR - Now on twice a week - their audience has grown
HASHTAG LNWH Not very popular - not a lot of audience interaction. As the audience is OLDER
VIRAL MARKETTING
SECONDARY AUDIENCES - MEN
LATE NIGHT WOMAN'S HOUR - Now on twice a week - their audience has grown
HASHTAG LNWH Not very popular - not a lot of audience interaction. As the audience is OLDER
VIRAL MARKETTING
SECONDARY AUDIENCES - MEN
REGULATION
Radio is regulated by OFCOM. E.G. Late Night Women's Hour - not controversial at all. Can be played.
Late Night Women's Hour - rated U
REGULATION IN RADIO - NOT PARTICULARLY EFFECTIVE
REGULATION IN RADIO - NOT PARTICULARLY EFFECTIVE
LNWH does occasionally swear, however it is not breaking any rules
LATE NIGHT WOMAN'S HOUR - the sun published an article about this show including a lot of swearing. the Sun hates the BBC.
The regulation of radio is ineffective - can lie about age online
OFCOM'S FRAMEWORK
ORGANISATIONS HAVE TO:
"Ensure a wide of range of services and a wide appeal is available"
THE BBC ON THE WHOLE DOES THIS e.g. LNWH IS AN EXAMPLE OF THEM ATTEMPTING TO OFFER THESE SERVICES
"Maintain plurality in broadcasting"
THE BBC ON THE WHOLE DOES THIS e.g. "The One Show" - working class show + The Danish chef on LNWH
"Protect audiences from offensive or harmful material"
THE BBC ON THE WHOLE DOES THIS e.g. There is swearing in LNWH but it is after the watershed
"Protects audience against unfairness or infringement of privacy"
THE BBC ON THE WHOLE DOES THIS e.g. nobody in particular is mentioned within LNWH and there is a panel of guests so there is not unfairness
THEORISTS
PETER LUNT AND SONIA LIVINGSTONE
OFCOM'S FRAMEWORK
ORGANISATIONS HAVE TO:
"Ensure a wide of range of services and a wide appeal is available"
THE BBC ON THE WHOLE DOES THIS e.g. LNWH IS AN EXAMPLE OF THEM ATTEMPTING TO OFFER THESE SERVICES
"Maintain plurality in broadcasting"
THE BBC ON THE WHOLE DOES THIS e.g. "The One Show" - working class show + The Danish chef on LNWH
"Protect audiences from offensive or harmful material"
THE BBC ON THE WHOLE DOES THIS e.g. There is swearing in LNWH but it is after the watershed
"Protects audience against unfairness or infringement of privacy"
THE BBC ON THE WHOLE DOES THIS e.g. nobody in particular is mentioned within LNWH and there is a panel of guests so there is not unfairness
THEORISTS
PETER LUNT AND SONIA LIVINGSTONE
PLURALITY
is where a media organisation needs to give voice to a wide range of media products
CURRAN AND SEATON
Claim that the media are controlled by a small number of companies driven by profit and power. MEDIA CONCENTRATION. Their theories argue that we need a range of media, with more diversity and this will help to create more varied and adventurous.
The BBC is not driven by profit. But they do create populist tv shows. LNWH DOES OFFER THIS DIVERSITY
CURRAN AND SEATON
Claim that the media are controlled by a small number of companies driven by profit and power. MEDIA CONCENTRATION. Their theories argue that we need a range of media, with more diversity and this will help to create more varied and adventurous.
The BBC is not driven by profit. But they do create populist tv shows. LNWH DOES OFFER THIS DIVERSITY
IDEOLOGY OF LNWH
Middle class feminist ideology
SLOW TV MOVEMENT
SCANDINAVIAN MOVEMENT IN 2016
Middle class target audience.
Very relaxing videos
E.G. BergensBanen
Watched in the background. Much more social - you can talk and come back to it.
LNWH HAS A VERY SIMILAR AUDIENCE
LNWH - COMFY TV, we can tune in and out of it, their voices are chill, and the audience listens to de-stress.
SLOW PACED AND REPETITIVE
RELAXED CONVERSATION
NON JUDGEMENTAL/EGALITARIAN/FRIENDLY ATMOSPHERE - NOT MUCH DISAGREEMENT
PARTICIPATORY CULTURE
SLOW TV MOVEMENT
SCANDINAVIAN MOVEMENT IN 2016
Middle class target audience.
Very relaxing videos
E.G. BergensBanen
Watched in the background. Much more social - you can talk and come back to it.
LNWH HAS A VERY SIMILAR AUDIENCE
LNWH - COMFY TV, we can tune in and out of it, their voices are chill, and the audience listens to de-stress.
SLOW PACED AND REPETITIVE
RELAXED CONVERSATION
NON JUDGEMENTAL/EGALITARIAN/FRIENDLY ATMOSPHERE - NOT MUCH DISAGREEMENT
PARTICIPATORY CULTURE
