The Film Industry - regulating films

Regulation : a rule or directive made and maintained by an authority.

British Films are regulated by the British Board of Film Classification ( BBFC ). The BBFC is a non governmental organisation, founded in 1912. This organisation is responsible for the national classification and censoring of films which are shown in cinemas as well as tv shows, adverts and public campaigns released on physical media in the UK. It is this organisations requirement to classify all dvds and some video games.

UK AGE CERTIFICATES :

U - Universal - suitable for all ages

A U film should be suitable for audiences aged four years and over, although it is impossible to predict what might upset any particular child.

U films should be set within a positive framework and should offer reassuring counterbalances to any violence, threat or horror. If a work is particularly suitable for pre-school children, this will be indicated in the BBFCinsight.

Discriminatory language or behaviour is unlikely to be acceptable unless clearly disapproved of. 

References to illegal drugs or drug misuse must be infrequent and innocuous, or have a clear educational purpose or anti-drug message suitable for young children.

Potentially dangerous or anti-social behaviour which young children may copy must be clearly disapproved of. No emphasis on realistic or easily accessible weapons.

Infrequent use only of very mild bad language.

Occasional nudity, with no sexual context.

Only very mild sexual behaviour (for example, kissing) and references to such behaviour.

Scary or potentially unsettling sequences should be mild, brief and unlikely to cause undue anxiety to young children. The outcome should be reassuring.

Violence will generally be very mild. Mild violence may be acceptable if it is justified by context (for example, comedic, animated, wholly unrealistic)

PG - Parental Guidance

General viewing, but some scenes may be unsuitable for young children. A PG film should not unsettle a child aged around eight or older. Unaccompanied children of any age may watch, but parents are advised to consider whether the content may upset younger, or more sensitive, children.

Discriminatory language or behaviour is unlikely to be acceptable unless clearly disapproved of, or in an educational or historical context, or in a particularly dated work with no likely appeal to children. Discrimination by a character with whom children can readily identify is unlikely to be acceptable.

References to illegal drugs or drug misuse must be innocuous or carry a suitable anti-drug message.

No detail of potentially dangerous behaviour which young children are likely to copy, if that behaviour is presented as safe or fun. No glamorisation of realistic or easily accessible weapons such as knives. No focus on anti-social behaviour which young children are likely to copy.

Mild bad language only. Aggressive or very frequent use of mild bad language may result in a work being passed at a higher category.

There may be nudity with no sexual context.

Sexual activity may be implied, but should be discreet and infrequent. Mild sex references and innuendo only.

Frightening sequences or situations where characters are in danger should not be prolonged or intense. Fantasy settings may be a mitigating factor.

Violence will usually be mild. However there may be moderate violence, without detail, if justified by its context (for example, history, comedy or fantasy).

 12/12A - Suitable for 12 years and over

Films classified 12A and video works classified 12 contain material that is not generally suitable for children aged under 12. No one younger than 12 may see a 12A film in a cinema unless accompanied by an adult. Adults planning to take a child under 12 to view a 12A film should consider whether the film is suitable for that child. To help them decide, we recommend that they check the BBFCinsight for that film in advance. No one younger than 12 may rent or buy a 12 rated video work.

Discriminatory language or behaviour must not be endorsed by the work as a whole. Aggressive discriminatory language or behaviour is unlikely to be acceptable unless clearly condemned.

Misuse of drugs must be infrequent and should not be glamorised or give instructional detail.

No promotion of potentially dangerous behaviour which children are likely to copy. No glamorisation of realistic or easily accessible weapons such as knives. No endorsement of anti-social behaviour.

There may be moderate language. Strong language may be permitted, depending on the manner in which it is used, who is using the language, its frequency within the work as a whole and any special contextual justification.

There may be nudity, but in a sexual context it must be brief and discreet.

Sexual activity may be briefly and discreetly portrayed. Moderate sex references are permitted, but frequent crude references are unlikely to be acceptable.

There may be moderate physical and psychological threat and horror sequences. Although some scenes may be disturbing, the overall tone should not be. Horror sequences should not be frequent or sustained.

There may be moderate violence but it should not dwell on detail. There should be no emphasis on injuries or blood, but occasional gory moments may be permitted if justified by the context. Sexual violence may only be implied or briefly and discreetly indicated, and its depiction must be justified by context.

15 – Suitable only for 15 years and over

No one younger than 15 may see a 15 film in a cinema. No one younger than 15 may rent or buy a 15 rated video work.

The work as a whole must not endorse discriminatory language or behaviour, although there may be racist, homophobic or other discriminatory themes and language.

Drug taking may be shown but the work as a whole must not promote or encourage drug misuse (for example, through instructional detail). The misuse of easily accessible and highly dangerous substances (for example, aerosols or solvents) is unlikely to be acceptable.

Dangerous behaviour (for example, hanging, suicide and self-harming) should not dwell on detail which could be copied. Whether the depiction of easily accessible weapons is acceptable will depend on factors such as realism, context and setting.

There may be strong language. Very strong language may be permitted, depending on the manner in which it is used, who is using the language, its frequency within the work as a whole and any special contextual justification.

There are no constraints on nudity in a non-sexual or educational context. There may be nudity in a sexual context but usually without strong detail.

Sexual activity may be portrayed, but usually without strong detail. There may be strong verbal references to sexual behaviour, but the strongest references are unlikely to be acceptable unless justified by context. Works whose primary purpose is sexual arousal or stimulation are unlikely to be acceptable.

There may be strong threat and horror. A sustained focus on sadistic or sexual threat is unlikely to be acceptable.

Violence may be strong but should not dwell on the infliction of pain or injury. The strongest gory images are unlikely to be acceptable. Strong sadistic violence is also unlikely to be acceptable. There may be detailed verbal references to sexual violence but the depiction of sexual violence must be discreet and justified by context.

18 – Suitable only for adults

No one younger than 18 may see an 18 film in a cinema. No one younger than 18 may rent or buy an 18 rated video work. Adults should be free to choose their own entertainment.

Exceptions are most likely in the following areas:

• where the material is in breach of the criminal law, or has been created through the commission of a criminal offence
• where material or treatment appears to us to risk harm to individuals or, through their behaviour, to society. For example, the detailed portrayal of violent or dangerous acts, or of illegal drug use, which may cause harm to public health or morals. This may include portrayals of sadistic or sexual violence which make this violence look appealing; reinforce the suggestion that victims enjoy sexual violence; or which invite viewer complicity in sexual violence or other harmful violent activities
• where there are more explicit images of sexual activity in the context of a sex work (see below) or where the primary purpose of the images in question is sexual arousal In the case of video works, which may be more accessible to younger viewers, intervention may be more frequent than for cinema films.

Sex education at 18

Where sex material genuinely seeks to inform and educate in matters such as human sexuality or safer sex and health, explicit images of sexual activity may be permitted.

Sex works at 18

Sex works are works whose primary purpose is sexual arousal or stimulation. Sex works containing only material which may be simulated are generally passed 18. Sex works containing clear images of real sex, strong fetish material, sexually explicit animated images, or other very strong sexual images will be confined to the R18 category. Material which is unacceptable in a sex work at R18 is also unacceptable in a sex work at 18.

R18 - To be shown only in specially licensed cinemas, or supplied only in licensed sex shops, and to adults only

The R18 category is a special and legally-restricted classification primarily for explicit works of consenting sex or strong fetish material involving adults. Films may only be shown to adults in specially licensed cinemas, and video works may be supplied to adults only in licensed sex shops. R18 video works may not be supplied by mail order.

For full details of the legal restrictions for these works please see the BBFC Classification Guidelines document below.
 

Searching for R18 titles

R18 titles are filtered out from the main public search as they can have explicit and/or offensive titles. Details of R18 works will only appear if you 'enable adult content' using the advanced search option. You'll also be prompted to enter a date of birth.

"regulation of film in the UK has largely become pointless due to the rise of digital technologies like the internet"

I partially agree with this statement. One reason why i agree is because it is so easy for anybody to view anything, no matter what their age. One can easily lie and click the box that says " I agree I am 18 years or older", or enter a fake birthday/year of birth. There is no way of making sure that people are actually following the rules and being truthful, and it's something you can't control at all really. So in that sense, yes, regulation of film can seem pointless. However regulation of film in cinemas is not pointless, and the the rise of digital tech such as the internet does not effect the fact that if you're 12 and trying to get into a 15 you still need ID, and most likely won't be allowed to view the film. I think it's important to still keep these regulations, because not that any 5 year old would likely want to see an 18, but if regulations weren't in place to prohibit this, your child could be exposed to things that they shouldn't really be seeing at such a young age, such as extreme violence.

Age Certificates:

Gummo: I think that this scene for Gummo should be rated a PG or a 12 - because the language isn't strong . at all, the only "bad" word is "queer", but also it is clear that the kids are on some drugs, however we never see the kiddos taking drugs. But it's actually an 18.

Harold and Kumar escape from Guantanamo: Think this film is a 15 - mild language - "bitch" = a gendered swear word - potential sexism. Aggressive too.

The Land Before: I'd rate that film a PG, there's no bad language, but some references to death. Children are easily impressionable - this can traumatise the child. But it's actually a U.

If a film has a 12 certificate, it is to please the distributors, a lot of younger teens can watch it.