REVISION WEEK 2

Newspapers in Component 1A

How do these products make use of intertextuality and genre conventions in order to reflect the ideology of the producer?

Knee Jerk Reaction:

Both Newspapers are heavily influenced by their favoured political party, which is shown through the use of intertextuality and genre conventions.

DAILY MAIL - Right wing

DAILY MIRROR - Left wing - hate trump

Define Key Terms 

Intertextuality - When a media text makes reference to another text/product in order to engage the audience / make meaning

Genre Conventions -  The typical aspects of a genre of a media product and are vital to a producer to allow them to target a specific audience

Ideology - The beliefs and values held by the producer that are reflected in their media products

PLAN

Stereotyping - "hooded thug"

Intertextuality

Steve Neale - Genre conventions -repetition and difference

Both Tabloids 

Headlines - informal mode of address

Large masthead 

Serif/Sans serif font

Lots of images 

Captions - anchors the audience 

Working class audience

Cultivation theory 

Barthes - codes and conventions

If it bleeds it leads

Bias opinions

Claude Levi Strauss - Binary Oppositions

Moral panic - knife crime that is affecting the uK

Lexis and Language 

Pick and Mix theory 

EXAMPLES

DAILY MIRROR - 
Interetextual reference to Brexit - "America's Brexit" - central image/ midshot of sterotypical assembled American Trump support party, - which is further anchored through the use of costume in the image - symbolic codes - red,white and blue colours . This clear interetextual reference to an American comedy is again reinforced through the genre convention and exaggerated laughter , and the MES of ther American flag suit is clearly reduce

USE OF LEXIS - |"America's Brexit" more relatable for the British audience theyre targeting - they can understand this issue. \

• Interetextual reference to Brexit - "America's Brexit"

Central image is a midshot of a stereotypical assembly of American Trump Supporters

Further anchored through costume

Symbolic codes - red, white and blue - patriotic 

Interetextual reference to Amerian Comedy

Exagerated laughter and genre convention, mes of flag suit

Bias through selection - Mirror selects image of Trump where he appears to have a learning difficulty - preferred reading is to laugh at him, demonstrating the ideology of the Daily Mirror

Colour of text - reference to American Patriotism

DAILY MAIL -
Interetextual reference - "Bea's new baeu joins fergie..." - need of prior knowledge of French Royalty - targets a middle class audience. Formal language - conservative ideology. Cpation of the image - positions the audience - this pair is at the "Grand Prix".

Ideology - supports the right wing ideology - paints Theresa May in a positive way - " May reveals radical rethink" - 

• Dehumanisation of criminals - referred to as a "disease" - something that needs to be wiped out
• "Hooded thugs" - highly emotive and hyperbolic lexis that anchors the audience to believe that young people who wear hoods are intrinsically murders. Highly conventional of tabloid newspapers to create moral panic. Targets a conservative audience who likely agree with tough measures for crime
• Conflict between hard and soft news, allowing the Daily Mail to provide a conservative audience with a range of pleasure
• Headline is a clear intertextual reference which takes advantage of the target audience's love of crime dramas. A construction pf an exciting and dangerous world. Deliberately targeting a mass, mainstream audience through manipulation

COMPONENT 1B

How do specific processes of distribution, production and circulation shape The Times and The Daily Mirror?

The Times:

• Owned by News UK which is a subsidiary of News International, and enormous media conglomerate 
• Established 1785
• Sister Paper - The Sunday Times
• Circulation : 400,000 a day
• Compact form - easier to read
• Vertically integrated industry
• Price: £1.80
• Daily Newspaper
• Right Wing - Conservative
• Middle Class, older audience
• Targets a mass audience

The Daily Mirror:

• Tabloid/Red top
• Working Class audience
• Targets a mass audience
• Owned by Reach PLC - 2018 (previously Trinity Mirror)
• Founded in 1903
• Circulation :  590,000 a day (2017)
• Sister paper is Sunday Mirror
• Reach PLC also publishes a variety of local newspapers - offers diversity
• Slogan : "The intelligent Tabloid."
• Price : 80p

Knee Jerk Reaction - 

Both of these papers, are mass produced and distributed in order to target the mass audience

More important articles in newspapers - they have more column inches/coverage.

Important articles - on the front cover / in the front

Both newspapers were published on Tuesday 2nd of April 2019

Knee Jerk reaction

Production is how newspapers are produced
These newspapers are produced daily which means an extremely short production cycle which essentially means that there is much more of an emphasises on quantity rather quality. 
Both newspapers are part of a specialised industry
Hierarchal structure with editors, journalists, designers and printers
Tend to be owned by massive multinational corporations, with an interests in profit and power

THE TIMES EXAMPLES

• Advert for "First class train journey London to Budapest" 3k holiday. Newspapers make money through advertising revenue. Reach of advertising is vast!
• Article Opinion Editorial: "speaking to unto power of a nice G&T" - Middle Class connotations. Soft News
• Page 3 is usually soft news - Cricket - Middle class sport 
• Front cover - strong focus on politics - center image of Theresa may in parliament - very serious picture. This image is central. Serious - targeting a middle class audience. Anchorage of this image - "... and Theresa May watch stony-faced while Jeremy Corbyn calls for a third round of votes" Caption conveys their right wing ideology. HEADLINE STORY. Brexit is a big focus in British politics at the moment.Demonstrating its newsworthiness. 
• "Kidney Beans vs lentils" - very soft story - mass audience
• This industry is driven by profit and power
• Average reading age of the Times is 15YO. Above average.Demonstrating a middle class audience
• A variety of games at the back of the paper - puzzles - sudoku. Audience is intelligent

DAILY MIRROR EXAMPLE

• Mcdonalds and the monopoly game advertisements on the front cover. Large working class audience. This promotion is an example of Gambling. Adverts for bingo and the lottery are seen throughout the paper.
• Double Page spread of Brexit stuff - Central image/splash - model of Theresa May skewering a representation of a Brit - satire- demonstrates an anti right wing ideology. Negative viewing of her.
• Mick Jagger - front page - "Jagger to have heart operation" - pages 6&7 - celebrity gossip - soft news - targeting a mass working class audience. Skyline Story
• Theresa May on front cover - her picture is small - she is scowling in the photo - left wing ideology - "MPS choose nothing". 
• Both celebrity and political news - offering a diverse range of stories to appeal to the mass audience that the Daily Mirror targets
• Tips for a good nights sleep: soft news, and appealing to a mass audience - reoccurring story
• 80% of sport coverage devoted to football. Hegemonically accepted that football is England's national sport. An need to appeal to a mass audience
• Lexis - use of slang and informal language e.g.: 'lad' , ' paedo'. Level of reading comprehension: approximately 9YO, the average reading age of the UK.
• At the back of this paper there is a TV Guide and the horse race results as well as horoscopes

How do the Times and the Daily Mirror attract and maintain their audiences locally and globally?

Attract: Bring in an audience

Maintain: is essential for the newspaper industry as it ensures financially success

Knee Jerk Reaction

Both the Daily Mirror and the Times need to attract and maintain their audiences to ensure financial success by promoting brand loyalty. Both of these papers naturally primarily target a British, local audience, with an international audience  mainly as an afterthought. 

THE TIMES EXAMPLES

• Subscription offer at the top of the paper: "Get 3 months for the price of 1"  maintaining their audience, offering deal. Only £1 to subscribers - dedicated audience. Convenient - delivered to their door - appeal to their older audience 
• World section- appeal to Brits living abroad - there may be an article about the country they live in or relating to them - e.g "Trump 'wants anti- abortion judge' to replace supreme Court liberal" 
• The Times will shift their ideology in order to suit their audience. An industry dominated by profit and power
• The Times is a British Newspaper for British people - "The ISIS Bride". A former British Citizen and a particularly emotive issuer for British audiences that encourages debate and discussion, encourages audiences to buy every week
• "Boy, 7, electrocuted after climbing over pub wall" -demonstrates the comparative lack of importance of the child. Situated as less newsworthy than Mick Jagger and his operation. Possibly sidelined because of his status as working class

THE DAILY MIRROR EXAMPLES 

• Horoscope - audience will want to keep buying in order to keep checking them daily
• "How to make the most of your GP appointment" - practical yet obvious life advice - providing the audience with the gratification of information. The mirror has information on health and other advice as well.
• Daily updates on stories - "Brexit Crisis continues" - maintained audiences are up to date with this crisis - a big issue at the moment that does concern the readers.
• Puzzle solutions - the solutions are published the next day: codebreaker puzzle reward = £75
• This newspaper cultivates a left wing ideology - constructing a left wing audience who show loyalty to the product 
• Jordan Pickford - English goalkeeper involved in a street brawl - If it bleeds it leads. Especially important to a working class audience, stereotypically interested in alcohol, football and scrapping. Cultivating the ideology of the target audience.