Daily Mirror - exciting and interesting event
Horrific event - anchorage of images - makes you realise that this is the child that has died. Makes you identify with the child.
Story was on page 2 or 3, full page.

Not much of a story going on.

The Times- is a broadsheet, formal mode of address for it's middle class target audience, less pictures.
As well as this the times reported on the suspect's ethnicity, whereas the Daily mirror did not. This presents a right wing ideology, makes us believe that this is an important fact to mention. This paper presents us with the belief that this man is guilty, but he has not been trailed yet, therefore this is false. "Innocent until proven guilty". Words such as "suspect" convey this idea.

Page 7, so it is less news worthy. A lot less significance is given to this story.Biassed against this man from the beginning.

The Today Show, Radio 4

What headlines and news  in brief reports come before and after the story?
Before- Trump and Russians (International), farmlands, and South Africa.
After- Theresa May travelling
What does this tell us about the significance given to the story?
Target audience? - Middle Class. The focus on political stories emphasises this, and they are far more detailed. A lot of assumed knowledge within the talk. Vocabulary/ Lexis

Hegemony

Marxism - based around the idea of the rich dominating the poor

MANIPULATION THROUGH CONSENT

Patriarchal hegemony - control by men
Social hegemony - manners and rules of society
Sexual hegemony - your gender/sex

 MAIL ONLINE and the "sidebar of shame"

• 
  

Audience negotiation - Happens every time we look at media. Interact with the producer and understand their ideologies

Representation - Structure for answering 

• Point out the group, place, or issue which a media text is focussing on

• Then the technical devices the media text uses in order to present these groups or issues (baking it up)

• After this you write about the message given off about the group or issue being created within the text

• Finally the impact of this message on the target audience

S T E R E O T Y P E S   U S E    I N     R E P R E S E N T A T I O N

Daily Mail "Scantily Clad Women Bedroom Selfies"

White teenage girls are being represented to not have their life in order - as their bedrooms are messy and they're young and taking nude photos in a bedroom

Natural lighting, bad quality - phone quality

Pleasure of watching someone when they don't know they're being watched - voyeurism  

Teenage girls are sexually promiscuous 

Teenagers are not responsible 

 

Reenforces the hegemonic idea that women should be clean. This article is sexist, the rooms are messy and therefore the girls are "failing as women"

The target audience of this article is men.

analysing bias and the construction of representation in The Times and The Daily Mirror

Reality is a fickle term. We have a pretty clear idea on what is real, and yet we are simultaneously aware of the fact that every media producer fights to put forward her ideology in every media product.

Therefore it is often argued, representation is not reality. Taking Donald Trump for an example, a man who I am certain Long Road Media students have never met or are ever likely to meet, we probably still have a very definite view of the man. Where did this interpretation come from? It is created through re-presentation.

However, we also need to take into consideration the possibility that representation constructs reality. Beliefs and attitudes are repeated, reinforced and legitimised. Audiences can often reach their own conclusion on media products, but there is generally a dominant ideology or 'right' way to think presented. As British citizens, our perception of other countries may entirely be created through carefully constructed representations. 

DAILY MIRROR

• Mise En Scene - Dark clouds ( 9/11 )
• Apocalypse look of the whole page
• Shows Trump's election as a very bad thing
• Representation of America on the whole here - it's shown to already be feeling Trump's election negatively 

 THE TIMES

• This is a wrap around page.(not done often )
• Trump is presented in a much more favourable light. Empathy in his eyes. His fist shows power, unity and friendship
• The American flag is spread across two pages. America is shown to be very important
• "You will be so proud of your president. You will be so proud" - someone you can trust in. Yellow contrasts with the red white and blue. Very positive
• The repetition could be used in a mocking way, could be taking the piss a bit.
• Very neutral front cover. Deliberately vague

AMERICA'S BREXIT

• This page - The representation of American's is constructed here as they are all presented as hooligans and out of control(almost like football fans)
• "America's Brexit" - trying to make it relatable for the target audience of British people. The lexis allows British audience to identify with this problem 
• Trump being voted in is shown to be a very bad thing.
• Presenting American's as silly, and making silly choices. There is a lack of political people on the spread. Gives the idea that these people didn't know what to do with their countries 

Politcal bias

ADVANTAGES OF NESPAPERS DEMONSTRATING A PARTICULAR BIAS:

It's impossible to create a paper without a biassed opinion coming through.

Bias allows a newspaper to target a particular audience, e.g. the Daily Mirror is a left wing newspaper ( one of the only )

Biassed - Being in favour of one point of view over another point of view

Tabloids VS Broadsheets

Similarities 

• Both include text, and photos as well as advertisements
• 
  

Differences

• Tabloid has a lot more colloquial language, informal, less writing - aimed at a lower class
• Tabloid uses splashes on front
• Broadsheet uses more formal language
• Broadsheet picks stories about politics
• Broadsheet is aimed at higher social groupings
• The broadsheet has a plain laylout
• Broadsheet has serious headlines whereas a Tabloid has a more exploitive headlines
• Tabloids are popular
• Puns and jokes in headlines

Polysemy - Not everything has a single meaning. One of the best ways of applying Media theory, is through suggesting two or more possible meanings

In creating a newspaper, producers typically attempt to avoid polysemic readings. The process of forcing an audience in to a particular reading is called anchoring

Anchorage - the fixing of a particular meaning ( often done through use of captions )

Agenda - something you need to do, goal.

 How is the audience pushed into agreeing or disagreeing?

• Persuasive language.
• Bullet points - demonstrate the paper's interpretation of the policies. The bullet point helps to quickly summarise beliefs  
• Disagreeing - The sun looks childish, v immature, slagging off Corbyn's name , playing on it.
• Preferred reading - Jeremy Corbyn is not respected and a joke.

HOW TO ASSESS BIAS

Bias through selection and omission

Bias through placement

Bias by headline

Bias by photos, captions and camera angles

Bias through use of names and titles

Bias through statistics and crowd counts

Bias by source control

Newspaper

Codes & conventions - what makes newspapers different to other forms of print media?

- Newspapers - 

• a lot more words - articles
• Title of article is memorable
• For a larger target audience
• Headlines
• Page is split up.

              
- Magazines - 

• a lot about celebrities and gossip as well as fashion.
• Has a central image
• aimed at a younger sort of audience (20s)
• Not a lot of text on the front cover
• £6.50 price - for a wealthier audience, the pieces advertised are expensive.

- Band Gig -

• Headlining band - bigger font at the top of the poster
• Address at the bottom of the poster
• Inferred knowledge - exclusive

Newspaper terms

Mast Head - Title of a newspaper displayed on the first page.

Barcode - Used to scan the newspaper when purchasing. 

Caption - Brief text underneath an image describing the photograph or graphic.

Headline - A phrase that sums up the main point of an article.

Main Image - The dominant picture which fills up a lot of the front cover.

Page numbers - A system of organisation within the magazine. Helps the audience to find what they want to read.

Target Audience - People who the news paper aims to sell to.

Pull Quote - Something taken from within an article, usually said by the main person in the main image.

Classified Ad - An advertisement that uses only text, as opposed to a display ad, which also incorporates graphics.

Skyline - An info panel on the front page that tells the reader about other stories in the paper to tempt them inside.

Edition - Some newspapers print several of these every night, these are versions with some changes and maybe additional late stories.

Stand First - Block of text that introduces the story, normally in a different style to the body text and headline.

Byline - The line above the story, which gives the author's names and sometimes their job and location.

Body Text - Also known as a copy. Written material that makes op the main part of an article 

Standalone - Picture story that can exist on its own or on a front page leading to a story inside

Centre spread - A photograph, often in full colour, that runs across the middle two pages

Lead story - Main story, usually a splash

The gutter - The blank space between margins of facing pages of a publication or the blank space between columns of text

Folio - Top label for the whole page. Can relate to the area covered in the paper for example, National or a big news topic such as Social Media, Syria

Page furniture - Everything on the page except pictures and text 

Deconstructing Newspapers 

• Black & White colours - The conflict created through this binary opposition positions the audience in an uncomfortable place as a lot of people have very different opinions on drag queens. Some negative and some positive. An the idea of drag and people not conforming to gender stereotypes is quite controversial.
• There is a lot of gender oppositions, the men seem to be taking
• 
  

Media Institutions

Media Institutions - The values and ideology of a media product
Allows the audience to differentiate between products

Longroad Opening Page

The page is very inviting, the people on the page look relatable and normal. This girl in particular is not forcing a particular happy face, so she is actually content with her school.

She looks very creative and edgy - making the college seem very relaxed, an atmosphere where you can express yourself

There is a variety of people - very expressive and full of new people - exciting

All of the people on the front are very confident - have their own styles and relaxed face.

The students are on their own - independant 

It's all about the students themselves - Student on a white background.

Giving the college an identity.

DECONSTRUCTION OF LOGOS

EuroShell - 
shells are like gifts, often you collect shells, find them and give the prettiest ones to others. Otters give shells to others as a sign of love
Red - passion and love
Looks like a sunset - petrol lasts all day.
Minimalistic - easy to remember, a necessity.
Shell shaped - natural ( fossil fuels)

Starbucks - 

Mermaid - mystical - something special
The crown - Mise en scene - Wealth and power
Happy facial expression
It's a woman - It's a mermaid, long hair , curvy ish figure
- the coffee is kind and gentle
The Green - natural, organic ingredients 
The white is pure and clean

NEWSPAPER LOGOS -

Red and white colours - white ( pure - something reliable )

First impressions -

Celebrity gossip - lots of exposing
For the working class
Lots about sex and scandal. 
For the working class - very informal language, almost colloquial 

They don't like Trump - painting him as a bad person, "gropes" very creepy and unpleasant connotations. Trump's facial expression - very stupid - taking the mick out of him. Right wing president

I, Daniel Blake (Ken Loach, 2016)

Jeremy Corbyn, (born May 26, 1949)


Jeremy Corbyn was born in May 26th,1949 in Wiltshire, England. Corbyn is a British politician,leading the left wing Labour party since 2015. He has a long history of activism. For example he was arrested outside the South African Embassy in 1984 due to his protesting against Apartheid. Corbyn is known to be one of Labour's most reblious MPs

He has emerged as a major opponent for British Prime Minister Theresa May spearheading the Conservative Party in the United Kingdom's 2017 General Election.

He has popular beliefs that appeal to the working class of Britain - such as :

Renationalising britians railway services.

Labour should not support air strikes against Islamic State in Syria

A national maximum wage should be introduced

Free Schools

He was the only Labour MP to vote in favour of a Liberal Democrat amendment to outlaw discrimination based on sexuality in 1998

Corbyn has campaigned strongly against tuition fees in England,

The Film Industry - regulating films

Regulation : a rule or directive made and maintained by an authority.

British Films are regulated by the British Board of Film Classification ( BBFC ). The BBFC is a non governmental organisation, founded in 1912. This organisation is responsible for the national classification and censoring of films which are shown in cinemas as well as tv shows, adverts and public campaigns released on physical media in the UK. It is this organisations requirement to classify all dvds and some video games.

UK AGE CERTIFICATES :

U - Universal - suitable for all ages

A U film should be suitable for audiences aged four years and over, although it is impossible to predict what might upset any particular child.

U films should be set within a positive framework and should offer reassuring counterbalances to any violence, threat or horror. If a work is particularly suitable for pre-school children, this will be indicated in the BBFCinsight.

Discriminatory language or behaviour is unlikely to be acceptable unless clearly disapproved of. 

References to illegal drugs or drug misuse must be infrequent and innocuous, or have a clear educational purpose or anti-drug message suitable for young children.

Potentially dangerous or anti-social behaviour which young children may copy must be clearly disapproved of. No emphasis on realistic or easily accessible weapons.

Infrequent use only of very mild bad language.

Occasional nudity, with no sexual context.

Only very mild sexual behaviour (for example, kissing) and references to such behaviour.

Scary or potentially unsettling sequences should be mild, brief and unlikely to cause undue anxiety to young children. The outcome should be reassuring.

Violence will generally be very mild. Mild violence may be acceptable if it is justified by context (for example, comedic, animated, wholly unrealistic)

PG - Parental Guidance

General viewing, but some scenes may be unsuitable for young children. A PG film should not unsettle a child aged around eight or older. Unaccompanied children of any age may watch, but parents are advised to consider whether the content may upset younger, or more sensitive, children.

Discriminatory language or behaviour is unlikely to be acceptable unless clearly disapproved of, or in an educational or historical context, or in a particularly dated work with no likely appeal to children. Discrimination by a character with whom children can readily identify is unlikely to be acceptable.

References to illegal drugs or drug misuse must be innocuous or carry a suitable anti-drug message.

No detail of potentially dangerous behaviour which young children are likely to copy, if that behaviour is presented as safe or fun. No glamorisation of realistic or easily accessible weapons such as knives. No focus on anti-social behaviour which young children are likely to copy.

Mild bad language only. Aggressive or very frequent use of mild bad language may result in a work being passed at a higher category.

There may be nudity with no sexual context.

Sexual activity may be implied, but should be discreet and infrequent. Mild sex references and innuendo only.

Frightening sequences or situations where characters are in danger should not be prolonged or intense. Fantasy settings may be a mitigating factor.

Violence will usually be mild. However there may be moderate violence, without detail, if justified by its context (for example, history, comedy or fantasy).

 12/12A - Suitable for 12 years and over

Films classified 12A and video works classified 12 contain material that is not generally suitable for children aged under 12. No one younger than 12 may see a 12A film in a cinema unless accompanied by an adult. Adults planning to take a child under 12 to view a 12A film should consider whether the film is suitable for that child. To help them decide, we recommend that they check the BBFCinsight for that film in advance. No one younger than 12 may rent or buy a 12 rated video work.

Discriminatory language or behaviour must not be endorsed by the work as a whole. Aggressive discriminatory language or behaviour is unlikely to be acceptable unless clearly condemned.

Misuse of drugs must be infrequent and should not be glamorised or give instructional detail.

No promotion of potentially dangerous behaviour which children are likely to copy. No glamorisation of realistic or easily accessible weapons such as knives. No endorsement of anti-social behaviour.

There may be moderate language. Strong language may be permitted, depending on the manner in which it is used, who is using the language, its frequency within the work as a whole and any special contextual justification.

There may be nudity, but in a sexual context it must be brief and discreet.

Sexual activity may be briefly and discreetly portrayed. Moderate sex references are permitted, but frequent crude references are unlikely to be acceptable.

There may be moderate physical and psychological threat and horror sequences. Although some scenes may be disturbing, the overall tone should not be. Horror sequences should not be frequent or sustained.

There may be moderate violence but it should not dwell on detail. There should be no emphasis on injuries or blood, but occasional gory moments may be permitted if justified by the context. Sexual violence may only be implied or briefly and discreetly indicated, and its depiction must be justified by context.

15 – Suitable only for 15 years and over

No one younger than 15 may see a 15 film in a cinema. No one younger than 15 may rent or buy a 15 rated video work.

The work as a whole must not endorse discriminatory language or behaviour, although there may be racist, homophobic or other discriminatory themes and language.

Drug taking may be shown but the work as a whole must not promote or encourage drug misuse (for example, through instructional detail). The misuse of easily accessible and highly dangerous substances (for example, aerosols or solvents) is unlikely to be acceptable.

Dangerous behaviour (for example, hanging, suicide and self-harming) should not dwell on detail which could be copied. Whether the depiction of easily accessible weapons is acceptable will depend on factors such as realism, context and setting.

There may be strong language. Very strong language may be permitted, depending on the manner in which it is used, who is using the language, its frequency within the work as a whole and any special contextual justification.

There are no constraints on nudity in a non-sexual or educational context. There may be nudity in a sexual context but usually without strong detail.

Sexual activity may be portrayed, but usually without strong detail. There may be strong verbal references to sexual behaviour, but the strongest references are unlikely to be acceptable unless justified by context. Works whose primary purpose is sexual arousal or stimulation are unlikely to be acceptable.

There may be strong threat and horror. A sustained focus on sadistic or sexual threat is unlikely to be acceptable.

Violence may be strong but should not dwell on the infliction of pain or injury. The strongest gory images are unlikely to be acceptable. Strong sadistic violence is also unlikely to be acceptable. There may be detailed verbal references to sexual violence but the depiction of sexual violence must be discreet and justified by context.

18 – Suitable only for adults

No one younger than 18 may see an 18 film in a cinema. No one younger than 18 may rent or buy an 18 rated video work. Adults should be free to choose their own entertainment.

Exceptions are most likely in the following areas:

• where the material is in breach of the criminal law, or has been created through the commission of a criminal offence
• where material or treatment appears to us to risk harm to individuals or, through their behaviour, to society. For example, the detailed portrayal of violent or dangerous acts, or of illegal drug use, which may cause harm to public health or morals. This may include portrayals of sadistic or sexual violence which make this violence look appealing; reinforce the suggestion that victims enjoy sexual violence; or which invite viewer complicity in sexual violence or other harmful violent activities
• where there are more explicit images of sexual activity in the context of a sex work (see below) or where the primary purpose of the images in question is sexual arousal In the case of video works, which may be more accessible to younger viewers, intervention may be more frequent than for cinema films.

Sex education at 18

Where sex material genuinely seeks to inform and educate in matters such as human sexuality or safer sex and health, explicit images of sexual activity may be permitted.

Sex works at 18

Sex works are works whose primary purpose is sexual arousal or stimulation. Sex works containing only material which may be simulated are generally passed 18. Sex works containing clear images of real sex, strong fetish material, sexually explicit animated images, or other very strong sexual images will be confined to the R18 category. Material which is unacceptable in a sex work at R18 is also unacceptable in a sex work at 18.

R18 - To be shown only in specially licensed cinemas, or supplied only in licensed sex shops, and to adults only

The R18 category is a special and legally-restricted classification primarily for explicit works of consenting sex or strong fetish material involving adults. Films may only be shown to adults in specially licensed cinemas, and video works may be supplied to adults only in licensed sex shops. R18 video works may not be supplied by mail order.

For full details of the legal restrictions for these works please see the BBFC Classification Guidelines document below.
 

Searching for R18 titles

R18 titles are filtered out from the main public search as they can have explicit and/or offensive titles. Details of R18 works will only appear if you 'enable adult content' using the advanced search option. You'll also be prompted to enter a date of birth.

"regulation of film in the UK has largely become pointless due to the rise of digital technologies like the internet"

I partially agree with this statement. One reason why i agree is because it is so easy for anybody to view anything, no matter what their age. One can easily lie and click the box that says " I agree I am 18 years or older", or enter a fake birthday/year of birth. There is no way of making sure that people are actually following the rules and being truthful, and it's something you can't control at all really. So in that sense, yes, regulation of film can seem pointless. However regulation of film in cinemas is not pointless, and the the rise of digital tech such as the internet does not effect the fact that if you're 12 and trying to get into a 15 you still need ID, and most likely won't be allowed to view the film. I think it's important to still keep these regulations, because not that any 5 year old would likely want to see an 18, but if regulations weren't in place to prohibit this, your child could be exposed to things that they shouldn't really be seeing at such a young age, such as extreme violence.

Age Certificates:

Gummo: I think that this scene for Gummo should be rated a PG or a 12 - because the language isn't strong . at all, the only "bad" word is "queer", but also it is clear that the kids are on some drugs, however we never see the kiddos taking drugs. But it's actually an 18.

Harold and Kumar escape from Guantanamo: Think this film is a 15 - mild language - "bitch" = a gendered swear word - potential sexism. Aggressive too.

The Land Before: I'd rate that film a PG, there's no bad language, but some references to death. Children are easily impressionable - this can traumatise the child. But it's actually a U.

If a film has a 12 certificate, it is to please the distributors, a lot of younger teens can watch it.

The Film Industry - Marketing Films

Big Budget American Film of 2017 - "IT" Based on Stephen King's novel.Directed by Andres Muschietti

Release Date: 8th of September 2017
Budget : 35 million USD
Box Office: 667.3 million USD

Traditional Marketing:

The majority of the billboards included the red balloon and yellow coat so that the person looking at the advert can easily identify which movie it is advertising even from two objects.

Teasers:

The teaser trailer is linked below. It is about 3 minutes long, like a normal trailer.However this movie's  other trailers are a lot longer then the normal.

Official theatrical trailer:

There were many theatrical trailers created for this film, none of which are showing up when i search for them on youtube. But here is the link to the main one and an extended trailer:
IT Official Trailer
IT Extended Trailer

Social Media Marketing:

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ITMovie/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/ITMovieOfficial
Insta: https://www.instagram.com/ITMovieOfficial/
Website: http://itthemovie.com/

Fan Marketing:

Memes are often created by fans, not necessarily to advertise the movie at all. But it does spread word very easily
BuzzFeed artical about IT memes

Potential Audiences For "IT" the movie:
- Stephen King Fans
- Young people ( aged 16-25 )
-Middle aged adults who saw the original movie

Straight Out Of Compton NWA

"Fuck The Police"- NWA

Explores Racial Profiling - NWA don't like it, which is made pretty obvious
Their message is that we shouldn't trust the police and not respect them. Caused a lot of controversy at the time and upset.

Sampling and Skits are used in the songs - telling an actual story, ends with a white police officer being dragged away by court and told that their wrong

Rap was starting to become really popular - different record labels, lots of feuds.

Issues in America- Gun Law explored

Represents the group as very rebellious - the LA police showed up to one of their concerts and told them that they were not allowed to sing it. Very Anti- Police

Young Black Men - are shown to be very gangster and threatening. Negative Stereotype. They want to prove their point, tired of being criticised. Taking something you're labeled as - "appropriation" and taking ownerships of the name/word, and you can only say it.

White people are represented negatively too.

Very controversial song

Brief context:

Straight Outta Compton was produced by legendary pictures who entered into partnership with Universal Pictures (the film's distributor) 2014

Universal is owned by NBC Universal, a comcast company
It is essential to note the film was produced and distributed by a major, vertically integrated film studio that is part of a media conglomerate is significant in terms of funding, possibilities for cross- promotion and reaching a global audience

police brutality is still an issue now, so it makes the topi relatable, and makes us reflect on how times have not really changed much at all

Hip Hop biotics already exist
Straight Outta Compton - Trailer (Theatrical Trailer)

A lot of trailers spoil everything

Purpose of a trailer is to sell the film, to advertise.

Straight Outta Compton - Biopic film, following the real life situations of Dr Dre, Ice Cube, and E Eazy
 But the film also glosses over a lot of issues that the main characters were involved in

A lot of of swear words were censored (or a radio edit) during the trailer, because otherwise they wouldn't be able to show it. Glosses over.

Conventional:
Hermenutic codes are used in the trailers - creating mystery, very conventional.
Shows a lot of action to keep the audience interested, selling the film
Rags to Riches
Identification with protagonists in the trailer

Un Conventional:
No voiceover - very unconventional. Not needed as each of the main characters are introduced through a narrative. The film is mainly about the soundtrack and the music by NWA, so voice over would ruin this.
No specific release date
No actor names, just the stars

Audiences: 

Teenagers - aspirational message, the fans of NWA, working class, black people, young black men - relatable.

Majority Black Class - unusual for a big blockbuster film
White characters are small and a bit insignificant

Synergy - when two media industries work together well ( Film and Music )